1557 results
Ascites Management Principles
Low Salt Diet - 2000 Mg Sodium
Fluid Restriction - Never
Work-horse Diuretic - Aldosterone Antagonist
Combination
Management Principles Low ... Never Work-horse Diuretic ... Antagonist Combination Diuretics ... - Add-on Loop Diuretics
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... urine (usually low ... disease, Loop Diuretics ... Increased intake (low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... can be high or low ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Primary polydipsia), Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... causes #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... nephrology #causes #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
EABV, Low Plasma ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics