2966 results
Blood gas analysis
Metabolic alkalosis
Measured urine CI
< 10 mEq/L
Saline responsive
> 10 mEg/L
Not saline responsive
- Vomiting or NG
suction Endocrine cause ... H+ loss Renal cause ... excess - Distant diuretics ... Gitelman syndrome - Potassium ... intake - Recent diuretics
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... - Potassium depletion ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... , Potassium depletion ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
ACEI or ARB Initiation
Hyperkalemia:
 - Review concurrent drugs
 - Moderate potassium Intake
 - Consider: diuretics, sodium
drugs - Moderate potassium ... - Consider: diuretics ... - Review for causes ... medications (e.g., diuretics
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... will increase potassium ... diuretic, which
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
>20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... other • Severe potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes