11 results
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
APS is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurring blood clots resulting from antibodies
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ... rare autoimmune disorder ... Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL ... target to 3-4 • DOACs ... #APS #diagnosis
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
, CNS/muscular disorders ... Acidosis (Check Blood Gas ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Barter, or Gitelman Syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Hypotension • AMS ... decarboxylation/gas
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Diagnosis of ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... specific bleeding disorders ... #Medications #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension is defined as ... classes, including a diuretic ... end-organ damage such as ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Neurologic disorders
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
(SPS) - Diagnosis ... (>1000u/ml) - ... antibody that works ... #SPS #Diagnosis ... Management #treatment #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... Give albuterol as ... - IVF as