13 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Imaging: - MRI ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... Demyelinating disease caused ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... PCR 50% sensitive ... Syphilis • Pyogenic Abscess ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary ... Infectious: Brain abscess ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
equina syndrome (CES ... cord infarct • HIV ... Spinal infection/abscess ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... #causes #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
(IRIS): • In HIV ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... or abruptly • CN ... #Tuberculosis #diagnosis
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... factor • May cause ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... #infectiousdiseases
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... bouts of HTN Diagnostic ... • Infectious causes ... simplex virus, HIV ... #management #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... glycol (present in IV ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS