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differential syndrome infections infectiousdiseases nephrology treatment brain cauda caudaequina equina extremity fungal hiv hyperkalemia hyponatremia immune inflammatory iris k leg
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions: • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100) • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... PCR 50% sensitive ... Syphilis • Pyogenic Abscess ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... Demyelinating disease ... caused by the JC ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
(MS), Epidural ... abscess, Infarction ... Tetanus, Transverse Myelitis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... Diagnosis: • ... • Infectious causes ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #differential
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain: • Fracture • Arthritis • Gout/pseudogout
- Differential Diagnosis ... Legg-Calve-Perthes disease ... - HIV - Lyme disease ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
equina syndrome (CES ... - Emergency Causes ... • Transverse myelitis ... Spinal infection/abscess ... #causes #neurology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 • 5-6th Decades (can be any age) Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... neuropathy, transverse myelitis ... • 8%-27% for CNS ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... #Management
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... Assess volume status ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #Treatment #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... #potassium #nephrology
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
yeast • At risk: AIDS ... especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... Sinusitis • Brain abscess ... #Management #Infections
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