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algorithm differential hyponatremia potassium causes management urine alkalosis chloride hyperkalemia hypotonic k metabolic pathophysiology physiologic syndrome table treatment urinary
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Liver Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
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