8 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
drawer test with ... : Posterior drawer ... draw test, - Lachman ... draw test, + Lachman ... classification #diagnosis
Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Injury - Posterolateral Drawer Test
Injury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) is difficult to
is difficult to diagnose ... context of complex knee ... ) and posterior ... ligament injury (PCL ... #Posterior #msk
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... only if no clear cause
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
and Workup Blood ... Work: - Hypokalemia ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... #Workup #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
1.6, low urine Cl ... 0.7, high urine Cl ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... with urine Na/Cl ... #algorithm #nephrology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
its Chloride (Cl ... are balanced by Cl ... ECF and ICF both work ... high amount of Cl ... Hyperkalemia, a
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
Posterior Knee Dislocation ... : ~25% cases. ... nerve injury (25%) TEST ... drawers, and special ... -->>>> LINK TO ACL
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology