15 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... • 1ml blood/liter ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... Workup #urology #blood
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
disease 24-hour urine ... Spot PC (protein ... in monitoring low-level ... testing #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
- Differential Diagnosis ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... hypotension) Decreased Glomerular ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... reveals increasing blood ... hematuria, RBC casts, low ... hypercellular glomeruli
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis