12 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Na+K / serum Na ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... K/creatinine (Cr ... correcting serum potassium