12 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... #Algorithm #Causes
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Hyperkalemic ... Type 4 RTA • Hypokalemic ... • RTA of renal insufficiency ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... findings (see algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal insufficiency ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... intake, Renal insufficiency ... #causes #nephrology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... bronzing") - Palmar ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal Insufficiency ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... hypothyroidism • adrenal insufficiency ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology