11 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... Surreptitious diuretic ... , Renal tubular ... #nephrology #management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... : Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... after renal tubule ... diuretic effect ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... • Diagnosis of ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology