29 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... Nephrology for renal ... #urology #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... renal biopsy • ... eosinophiluria, renal ... protein-electrophoresis, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Elevated Amylase (Hyperamylasemia)- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pancreatic causes:
 - Pancreatic cancer
 - Complications pancreatitis: eg pseudocyst
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Pancreatic ... cancer - Complications ... Active IBID - Renal ... #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... #EM #IM #Urology
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - Renal ... Hematuria #Glomerular #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nonglomerular ... #Urology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #complications
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... cardiac, liver, renal ... #Differential #Algorithm
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Algorithm Endocrine ... Metabolic • Renal ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... #Algorithm #causes
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ALP ... Intestine - Other causes ... Most common symptoms ... Pregnancy - Renal