23 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... • “Muddy brown cast ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... contamination #Urine
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine chloride ... diuretic use Urine ... ThePeanutKidney #Metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... settings, the urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... syndrome #Primary #Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... aldosteronism #Metabolic
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Alkalosis Urine ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Bicarbonate #Elevated #metabolic ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... Must exclude false ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm