714 results
Limbic system
Medial/rostral hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus
Hypothalamic neurosecretion
ADH
Autonomic centers
Signal generator
CRH
Negative feedback
Sympathetic nervous system
Anterior pituitary
ACTH
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
#Cortisol
#Epinephrine (norepinephrine)
Response to signal
CRH Negative feedback ... pituitary ACTH Adrenal ... medulla Adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Primary Adrenal ... dysfunctional adrenal ... Elevated, because feedback ... inhibition by adrenal ... injury to the adrenal
Regulation of GFR
Physiologically, GFR is auto-regulated very precisely with changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
neuro-hormonal feedback ... Tubuloglomerular feedback ... Neuro-hormonal feedback
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
sudden +++ positive feedback ... negative to positive feedback
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... • Congenital adrenal ... Addison's/congenital adrenal ... high: • Post-renal
Adrenal Crisis
Do not confuse acute adrenal crisis with Addison disease. In 1855, Thomas Addison described a
Adrenal Crisis ... confuse acute adrenal ... syndrome of long-term adrenal ... contrast, an acute adrenal ... be a cause of adrenal
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
Feedback Loop: Prolactin
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Damage of the adrenal ... aldosterone Causes of Adrenal ... Tuberculosis: can cause adrenal ... melanoma Bilateral Adrenal
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
per @kidney_boy feedback
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Common causes: • Renal ... evaluate cause of renal ... h of infusion Adrenal ... CT scan, adrenal ... • Congenital adrenal