19 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
cell casts - Absent ... cell casts - Present ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
- Differential Diagnosis ... pressure "sucks in" blood ... dysfunction, impaired RV filling ... #physicalexam # ... #differential #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... #causes #urology ... #urine #blood
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... • Intracranial blood ... Anesthesia #Checklist #Diagnosis
Dilated Abdominal Veins and Caput Medusae - Direction of Blood Flow

Vein Milking technique can be used
- Direction of Blood ... determine the cause ... #Flow #physicalexam ... #diagnosis #hepatology ... #obstruction #comparison
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
Rapid, increasing signs ... about 95% of NMS cases ... (CK) and white blood ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
consistent with a diagnosis ... experience, the cause ... Bennett & Bloom ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology #Anisocoria
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... specific to NBTE, and diagnosis ... is required for diagnosis ... in up to 30% of cases ... #Endocarditis #comparison