75 results
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... malformation, Aneurysm ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) - Subdural, Epidural, Subarachnoid Comparison

Subdural hematoma 
• Crescent-shaped 
• Blood collection between dura
and skull • Tearing ... Rupture of berry aneurysm ... Polycystic kidney disease ... Subarachnoid #Comparison #Neurology ... #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Nausea, Pulmonary Diseases ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology #sodium
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... testing: anti-ANCA ... , anti-GBM ab, ANA ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of SVC Syndrome - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Benign (15-40%): Thrombosis (aka catheter-associated), Goiter, Fibrosing
- Differential Diagnosis ... ): Thrombosis (aka ... Infection, Aortic Aneurysm ... Cancers, Metastatic Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Proximal limb muscle wasting ... but elevated as disease ... Differential Diagnosis ... , IgG4 related disease ... #cholangitis #diagnosis