19 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... oral intake Renal ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential Diagnosis ... AlgorithmLow ... Magnesium, High ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
if renal function ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... potassium(K) & magnesium ... suggests extra-renal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Algorithm Decreased ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Algorithm UOsm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #causes #nephrology