6 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... symptoms: • Severe low ... - Emergency Causes ... decompression #CaudaEquina ... #neurology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
fastidious bacteria or fungi ... but important causes ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Lower roots -> Cauda ... Infections: - ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm