22 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
(Composed of T-helper ... exertion • Neurologic ... : Bell's palsy, ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
Bell's palsy There ... - Ptosis #Bells ... #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS): Signs and Symptoms

Repetitive Overhead Activity, Scapular Dyskinesis -> Scapulohumeral mechanics become altered
Syndrome (SIS): Signs ... abduction + Neer's sign ... Syndrome #SIS #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #pathophysiology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner ... • Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... #Algorithm #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
more often in older ... with significant neurologic ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... pathophysiology #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... #Palsy #Diagnosis ... Management #Treatment #Neurology