14 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
(Composed of T-helper ... & inflammatory cells ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
vision in patients older ... Doppler US : halo sign ... GiantCellArteritis #GCA #Rheumatology ... #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
PO4 and Mg into cells ... Constipation - MSK ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
anti-coagulation • Hematologic ... Retina • Ganglion cells ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
joints to the pelvis ... -> The pelvis is ... #Scoliosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis of tumor cells ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis ... Unilateral • Signs ... - Typical MS-like ... Optic #Neuritis #Diagnosis ... #ophthalmology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Affects mainly older ... Physical Exam/Signs ... phenomenon CLL Diagnosis ... Lymphocytic #Leukemia #diagnosis ... workup #oncology #hematology