13 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
(Composed of T-helper ... & inflammatory cells ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
vision in patients older ... • Cephalic symptoms ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
PO4 and Mg into cells ... Constipation - MSK ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
joints to the pelvis ... -> The pelvis is ... pathophysiology #msk ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis ... caucasian • Symptoms ... Unilateral • Signs ... - Typical MS-like ... #rheumatology #ophthalmology
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
polymorphisms alter ... various inflammatory cells ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Affects mainly older ... with no early symptoms ... Physical Exam/Signs ... phenomenon CLL Diagnosis ... Lymphocytic #Leukemia #diagnosis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
vasculitis in older ... systemic sx + signs ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology ... GCA #Temporal #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis