50 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic ... food binges, etc Hyperglycemia ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... #ketoacidosis #hyperglycemic
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... - hyperglycemic ... diabetes Key signs ... HHS/DKA: Both: Polyuria
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polyuria = >3L ... Solute Diuresis: Hyperglycemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Solute ... • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia ... @kdjhaveri #Polyuria ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... 500 mOsm/kg) • Hyperglycemia ... solute load #Polyuria ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... depletion and hyperglycemia ... abnormalities, including hyperglycemia ... hyponatremia, polyuria ... #Pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
 - TIA/stroke 
 - Seizure 
 - Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
Differential Diagnosis ... - Seizure - Hypoglycemia ... /hyperglycemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Neurology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Osmolality • Hyperglycemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
- Chronic hyperglycemia ... hyperfiltration - Hyperglycemia ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Metabolic • Hypoglycemia ... • Hyperglycemia ... Provoked #Seizures #Neurology ... #Differential #Diagnosis