9 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... (DKA) and Hyperglycemic ... food binges, etc Hyperglycemia ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... #hyperglycemic
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... - hyperglycemic ... patients with diabetes ... Key signs/symptoms ... : Polyuria, polydipsia
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... 500 mOsm/kg) • Hyperglycemia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Solute Diuresis: Hyperglycemia ... 100 mosm/kg • Diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Osmolality • Hyperglycemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Typical Clinical Features of DKA:
 - 
Acetone breath 
 - Tachycardia 
 - Soft Bp
- Soft Bp - Hyperglycemia ... Abdominal pain - Polyuria ... #Diagnosis # ... Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... DKA #Symptoms #Signs
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... • Endocrine: Hyperglycemia ... , Diabetic ketoacidosis ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
partial seizure that has ... drugs, uremia, hypoglycemia ... , hyperglycemia, ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
Symptoms and Signs ... common symptoms and signs ... , weight loss, polyuria ... insulin resistance, hyperglycemia ... apparent type 2 diabetes