138 results
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia ... Hypoxemia - Partial ... without hypoxia ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #pulmonary
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory ... lung diseases, pulmonary ... respiratory failure ... #Respiratory #Failure ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... lung disease • Pulmonary ... Septal Defect Pulmonary ... Abnormalities • Chest ... #Hypoxia #Differential
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... neuromuscular disease, ↓ chest ... MatthewHoMD #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Comparison of Pathologic Breathing Patterns
Biot's respiration aka ataxic respiration:
 - Periodic breathing: hyperpnea (or normopnea) and
Comparison of Pathologic ... Apnea - Sleep/Hypoxemia ... of the brain (respiratory ... #pulmonary #diagnosis ... #comparison #biots
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia ... pneumonia • Water: pulmonary ... MG, ALS) • ↓ chest ... compliance (e.g., flail chest ... Algorithm #rapid #pulmonary
Nodular pattern(2)
1. Sarcoidosis: nodules with perilymphatic distribution, along fissures, adenopathy.
2. TB: Tree-in-bud appearance in a patient
Respiratory bronchiolitis ... Radiology #HRCT #CTChest ... Nodular #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #CTChest #LowAttenuation ... Differential #Diagram #Comparison ... Emphysema #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Weakness, Loss of Chest ... Elasticity (flail chest ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
On the left some diseases with a nodular pattern.
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary
Respiratory bronchiolitis ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #CTChest #Nodular ... #Differential #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant