21 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
and Left Atrial ... (a4c) Mitral ... #Stenosis #Atrial ... #Thrombus #a4c ... Echocardiogram #clinical #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve thrombus ... #differential #cardiology
Causes of Diastolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Early Diastolic:
 • Aortic Regurgitation
 • Pulmonary Regurgitation (Graham-Steell
Causes of Diastolic ... Regurgitation • Pulmonary ... Flint Murmur) • Atrial ... Diastolic: • Mitral ... Diastolic #Murmurs #Cardiology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Heart Disease Pulmonary ... Stenosis Mitral ... cardiomyopathy • Pulmonary ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Left Ventricular Thrombus Arterial Embolization on Echocardiogram- Caught in Action! 

The TTE was ordered for cardioembolic
Left Ventricular Thrombus ... Arterial Embolization ... Mina Iskander MD, MSc ... echocardiogram #Cardiology ... #A4c #Embolism
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
, LAA Thrombus), ... - Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... disease: Most common cause ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... thrombus • Digoxin ... TEE to exclude thrombus ... Moderate or severe mitral ... diagnosis #management #cardiology