15 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... between disorders ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Formation: Hungy Bone Syndrome ... - Calcium Sequestration ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Phosphate, Low PTH ... , Infiltrative disorders ... Phosphate, High PTH ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome
Joint Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Monoarthritis
 • Septic
 • Crystalline
     - Gout
- Differential Diagnosis ... “Pseudogout” - Calcium ... arthritis - (Reiter’s syndrome ... should have other symptoms ... #msk #Differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
lymphoproliferative disorder ... Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... infection, autoimmune disorder ... ) Differential ... Monoclonal IgM Includes Disorders
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... Vitamin D metabolic disorders ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Ketosis Disorders ... of re-feeding syndrome ... nickmmark #Ketosis #Disorders ... #ketones #differential ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Decreased calcium ... Malabsorption Syndromes ... Increased calcium ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology