602 results
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
idiopathic achalasia cause ... diseases that cause ... Achalasia has an insidious ... Achalasia #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #gastroenterology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Central diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Management ... Sodium #nephrology #insipidus
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus ... neurogenic diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... #Diabetes #Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
An Algorithm for the Differential Diagnosis of Hyperammonemia

#Hyperammonemia #differential #diagnosis #causes #Algorithm #Gastroenterology
differential #diagnosis #causes ... #Algorithm #Gastroenterology
Causes of Nutrient Malabsorption in Children

#Nutrient #Malabsorption #Peds #Pediatrics #Diagnosis #Differential #Gastroenterology #Nutrition
Causes of Nutrient ... #Differential #Gastroenterology
Upper GI Bleed - Management Algorithm

Upper GI bleed Suspected: Melena, hematemesis, coffee-ground emesis, BRBPR
Initial Stabilization
Concern for
Upper GI Bleed - Management ... Consult GI ± EGD Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #management ... gastrointestinal #gastroenterology