22 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... #Differential #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... #Differential #
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... sodium low, uric ... uric acid low in ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... sodium is typically ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential #
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... leukemia Measure Urine ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... #low #potassium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #sodium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low