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diagnosis management causes syndrome als amyotrophic bcnie bloodculture cauda caudaequina encephalopathy endocarditis equina fungal gbs guillain hyperreflexia hyporeflexia infections infective
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
CIDP, Guillain-Barre ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... Willis via UNC IM ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... , Eclampsia, Late ... Testing #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... than one after symptom ... the underlying pathophysiology ... Hospital of Baltimore IM ... #management #neurology
Rhombencephalitis BACTERIAL - Listeria (biphasic illness with bulbar dysfunction occurring later) - Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Pneumococcus - Brucella - Borrelia (Lyme Disease) -
dysfunction occurring later ... - Bickerstaff syndrome ... (bulbar symptoms ... Rhombencephalitis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #Neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... cord • Guillain-Barre ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy: • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... Worsening of previous neurologic ... the tuberculoma (later ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential ... #TB #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Reversible course Differential ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE) Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
reduces recovery rate ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential ... #workup #infectiousdiseases
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
by culture or serology ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: • Serology ... shock • Mortality rate ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... features developing later ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
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