31 results
Marcus Gunn Pupil - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
Definition: Afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex
Afferent Pupillary Defect ... the pupillary light ... neuritis due to MS ... Later (1959), Levitan ... #RAPD #neurology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
anticholinergic effect ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... effect - Sedation ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy - Visual Field Defects - Localization Map
 - Optic Nerve Lesion (Monocular vision loss)
 -
- Visual Field Defects ... Infection • MS ... quadrantanopia) - Right ... Nucleus Lesion (Right ... NeuroOphthaImoIogy #Neurology
Vasopressors Table 
Rough properties by Target Receptor, Heart Rate/Inotropy, Systemic Vascular Resistance, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure,
Receptor, Heart Rate ... Blood Pressure, Pulmonary ... Properties #Table #Pharmacology ... #Effect #Management
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
embolism Pathophysiology ... • Decreasing right ... multiple bilateral defects ... diagnosis with right ... 20 degrees C → Right
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
temperature loss but light ... MS: loss of proprioception ... vibration and light ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Sensation #Loss #Deficit
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
Right Heart Catheterization ... - Pulmonary Artery ... flow. e.g., PE, right ... Ahmed Ghoneem, MD MSc ... @a_h_ghoneem #Right
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Palpitations, light-headedness ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... block or WPW Rate ... ventricles; to detect ... preferred • Direct
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
and Waveforms Direct ... pressures (RA, RV) ● Pulmonary ... pressure (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... SVI = CI/heart rate
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
surgery) => In select ... tissue => Years later ... Severe, worse at night ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... stages #staging #msk