128 results
Causes of Diastolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Early Diastolic:
 • Aortic Regurgitation
 • Pulmonary Regurgitation (Graham-Steell
Causes of Diastolic ... Regurgitation • Pulmonary ... Flint Murmur) • Atrial ... Myxoma Prolapse Late ... Diastolic #Murmurs #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Rate Control • ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... - Diagnosis, Causes ... Presentations Causes ... (PIRATES): - Pulmonary ... PIRATES #Emergency #Cardiology
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... morphologies: • Rate ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Intracardiac Right ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Pulmonary
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... Treatment #management #cardiology
Heart Pressures - Reference Cheat Sheet
Formula Review Guide for Heart pressure American Society of Echocardiography
Echocardiography - Right ... Atrial Pressure ... RAP) - Mean Pulmonary ... PVR) - Left Atrial ... Pressures #Formulas #Cardiology
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
descent - due to right ... • c wave - caused ... back toward the right ... y descent - is caused ... #PhysicalExam #cardiology
Anatomical Differential Diagnosis for Arrhythmias
 • SA node: Sinus bradycardia, Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
 • AV
Tachy-arrhythmias (ventricular rate ... tachycardia • Atria ... : Premature Atrial ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #cardiology
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
Atrial Pressure ... mmHg (Diastolic) Pulmonary ... Diastolic) Left Atrial ... Pressure or Pulmonary ... Pressures #RHC #cardiology