28 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... morphologies: • Rate ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Management • Oxygen ... #Multifocal #Atrial
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
(PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... SVI = CI/heart rate ... SVI x 0.136) ● Oxygen ... Hb x SaO2) ● Oxygen
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Oxygen-Hemoglobin ... Temperature Right ... MatthewHoMD #Oxygen ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #respiratory
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
dissolved in arterial ... hemoglobin in arterial ... content of arterial ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Rate Control • ... Anticoagulation #Atrial
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
Oxygen Delivery ... x 0.03)} DO2 = Rate ... hemoglobin PaO2 = Partial ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #apples
Perform computations online at:
ScyMed.com
6th ED
ICU-card
«ICU, Formulas & Drugs»
HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS
Condition
SAP
CVP

PAP PCWP

CO C(a-v)02 PVR

SVR
Hypovolemic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
Cardiogenic shock
↓
1
↑
1

1
↑

Septic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↓
↓
↓
Cardiac Tamponade
.
↑
↑
1
↓

→
↑
RV
→ ↓ → →↑ Pulmonary ... +2PDP)/3 Mean Pulmonary ... Cardiac Work Index, Right ... Stroke Work Index, Right ... = 1.36 cmH20 PULMONARY
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... block or WPW Rate ... sinus rhythm vs rate
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Mask Oxygen Delivery ... not tolerate a tight-fitting ... specified flow rate ... • FiO2 24-60% Partial ... Devices #management #pulmonary
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... disorders - Chronic pulmonary ... fibrillation at a rate ... Infarction • Pulmonary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology