63 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Management • Oxygen ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
(PAp) ● Pulmonary ... SVI = CI/heart rate ... SVI x 0.136) ● Oxygen ... Hb x SaO2) ● Oxygen ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Rate Control • ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology
Heart Pressures - Reference Cheat Sheet
Formula Review Guide for Heart pressure American Society of Echocardiography
Echocardiography - Right ... Atrial Pressure ... RAP) - Mean Pulmonary ... PVR) - Left Atrial ... Pressures #Formulas #Cardiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Oxygen-Hemoglobin ... Temperature Right ... MatthewHoMD #Oxygen ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #respiratory
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
dissolved in arterial ... hemoglobin in arterial ... content of arterial ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Causes of Diastolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Early Diastolic:
 • Aortic Regurgitation
 • Pulmonary Regurgitation (Graham-Steell
Regurgitation • Pulmonary ... Flint Murmur) • Atrial ... Myxoma Prolapse Late ... Diastolic #Murmurs #Cardiology
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
Atrial Pressure ... mmHg (Diastolic) Pulmonary ... Diastolic) Left Atrial ... Pressure or Pulmonary ... Pressures #RHC #cardiology
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
convert - Possible atrial ... flutter, ectopic atrial ... with caution in pulmonary ... with caution in pulmonary ... Treatment #management #cardiology
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
Oxygen Delivery ... x 0.03)} DO2 = Rate ... hemoglobin PaO2 = Partial ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #apples