402 results
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... fibroelastic disease): Leaflets ... because of MV leaflet ... Ischemic MR: MV leaflet ... mid-portion of anterior leaflet
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... regurgitation: • Leaflet ... Thrombus formation, Leaflet ... regurgitation: • Leaflet ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... fusion, thick MV leaflets ... chordae Severe mitral ... dysplastic MV leaflets ... radiation #mitral
Mitral Regurgitation - Carpentier Functional Classification
Type I - Normal leaflet motion
Type II - Excess leaflet motion
Mitral Regurgitation ... Type I - Normal leaflet ... Type II - Excess leaflet ... motion (leaflet ... during systole #Mitral
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation on Echocardiogram
A typical ischemic MR:  the restricted posterior mitral leaflet motion (posterolateral
Ischemic Mitral ... restricted posterior mitral ... leaflet motion ... with posterior leaflet ... #Ischemic #Mitral
Mitral Valve Endocarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram
66 yo presents with petechiae to lower extremities. Pt had mitral
Mitral Valve Endocarditis ... Pt had mitral valve ... replacement valve the leaflets ... the anterior MV leaflet
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Regurgitation - Leaflet ... Marfan's Disease Mitral ... Fever • Trauma Mitral ... Regurgitation - Leaflet ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Mitral flail leaflet on Echocardiogram (TEE)

Ivan Stankovic, MD, PhD @Ivan_Echocardio

#flail #leaflet #mitralvalve #tee #Echocardiogram #clinical #cardiology
Mitral flail leaflet ... Ivan_Echocardio #flail #leaflet
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Mycoplasma and Viral ... Ventricular Failure or Mitral ... #Differential #Causes ... #Table
Mitral Valve Regurgitation - Carpentier Classification
Type I - Normal Leaflet Motion
   - Type la
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ... Type I - Normal Leaflet ... - Type lb - Leaflet ... II - Increased Leaflet ... - Type II - Leaflet