52 results
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
Bell's Palsy Bell ... an identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... Glomerular (red blood cells ... biopsy - Management ... treating underlying cause ... ultrasonography - Manaqement
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
Leptospirosis Pathogen ... non-productive cough, nausea ... Disease: Jaundice + renal ... TheIDtrivia #Leptospirosis ... diagnosis #treatment #management
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Normal • Renal ... - Renal infection ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
use L-lactate - produced ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift into cells ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Lipoprotein Metabolism

Enterocytes release absorbed lipids the form of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons. These are acted upon by endothelial
by endothelial cells ... The liver uses this ... and hepatically produced ... liver or supply cells ... Cholesterol #Metabolism #Pathophysiology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... may cause serum ... patient has good renal ... thus, the body produces ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology