11 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Tumor, Traumatic brain ... • Infectious: Meningitis ... Encephalitis, Brain ... #neurology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
caused by a toxic ... and metabolic causes ... and bacterial meningitis ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... Space-occupying brain ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
of Tuberculous Meningitis ... contrast enhancement Brain ... Papilledema, headache, seizures ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... differential #TB #neurology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
• Traumatic Brain ... INFECTIOUS: • Meningitis ... Encephalitis • Brain ... cardiovascular causes ... #Elderly #Neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Movement disorders, Seizure ... disorders, Aseptic Meningitis ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... Encephalitis Meningitis ... malformations Brain ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #neurology
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
C" (common for causes ... (e.g., seizures ... stiffness) • Brain ... , focal signs) ... Secondary #Comparison #Neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Bilateral signs ... • Infectious causes ... ruled out • Brain ... Mycoplasma - Leptospirosis ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
Oxygenation of the Brain ... cardiogenic) - Pulmonary ... positive Romberg sign ... - Stroke - Seizure ... Evaluation #Geriatrics #Neurology