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diagnosis differential algorithm management metabolic treatment alkalosis aniongap classification comparison effects gitelman hyperkalemia hypotonic k lactated lr nongap normal pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... decreased renal blood flow ... • Saline May Cause
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... gap metabolic acidosis ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... ) • Low K diet ... #nephrology #K
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
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