7 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... can be high or low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
, Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Hypothyroidism Hypertonic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Hypernatremia ... solutions may have ↑ sodium ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low ... #toxicology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Elimination (see Table ... ) • Low K diet ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... radiocontrast, hypertonic ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium