10 results
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... @Neph_Sim #Urine ... Identification #Differential ... Shapes #Diagnosis #Clinical ... #Stones #Key #Nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... solubility: • Low urine ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
ultrasonography, serum calcium ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Urine Color - Differential ... Heavy Proteinuria, Lipiduria ... Syndrome - UTI caused ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Approach to the differential ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... high-power field + acanthocytes ... because nephritic urine ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical ... clues - Is the ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... endocrinology #calcium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... deficiency • Milk (calcium ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... potassium and calcium ... #treatment #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... • Common clinical ... established by CSF or urine ... CNS #Infections #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... , calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology