11 results
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... Identification #Differential ... #Shapes #Diagnosis ... #Clinical #Stones ... #Key #Nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Nephrolithiasis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... solubility: • Low urine ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Color - Differential ... Diagnosis Turbid ... Heavy Proteinuria, Lipiduria ... discoloration #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis Baseline ... ultrasonography, serum calcium ... investigations depending on clinical ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Approach to the differential ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... high-power field + acanthocytes ... because nephritic urine ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Diagnosis ECF ... deficiency • Milk (calcium ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... potassium and calcium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Nephrolithiasis: Medications Associated with Renal Stones
 • Hypercalciuria: Furosemide, Topiramate, Vitamin D/Calcium, Glucocorticoids
 • Precipitation of
Topiramate, Vitamin D/Calcium ... /metabolite in urine ... C • Increased urine ... #pharmacology #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Common clinical ... established by CSF or urine ... #diagnosis #neurology