97 results
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Gap - UAG and Urine ... gap - UA with urine ... - RenalUrine ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Nephrotic syndrome • Urine ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine ... uric acid: - Urine ... sodium low, uric ... hyponatremia - Urine ... and uric acid low
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... Tubular Acidosis • Urine ... obstruction • Urine
Hypophosphatemia - Measurement of urine phosphate excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI loss
 • Redistribution
Measurement of urine ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency • Primary Renal ... Hypophosphatemia #urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Urine Output > ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Solute Diuresis (Urine