19 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
ratio in the urine ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... effective arterial blood ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... culture, urine
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... of sodium and potassium
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... carcinoma (native kidney ... differential #diagnosis #kidney ... #blood #urine # ... management #treatment
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Can give with blood ... - Citrate in blood ... blood flow and ... Decreased GFR, urine
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm ... perform 24-hour urine ... ratio on a spot urine ... values suggest renal ... TTKG #nephrology #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
of calcium in renal ... decr ability of kidneys ... acid from the blood ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... -> Release of purine