44 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... #Comparison #Algorithm
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Algorithm for Differentiating ... Gitelman syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
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Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... CI < 20 (Saline ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Barter, or Gitelman Syndrome ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... piperacillin • High Urine ... #hypokalemia #urine
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
Cushing Syndrome ... Testing Algorithm ... Cortisol, Free Urine ... Serum (or Cortisol Urine ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine chloride ... diuretic use Urine ... BP = Bartter's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's Syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... Post-infectious GN - Bland urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine