30 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)?
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... #urine #blood
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... Nephrology for renal ... urology #blood #urine
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention, Urine ... • AKI/CKD • Nephrotic ... Oncotic Pressure • Nephrotic
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... TheIDtrivia #Hematuria ... #Renal #Transplant ... kidney #blood #urine ... #management #treatment
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... cells - Normal • Renal ... also be seen if urine ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... contamination #Urine
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic