63 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... RBC - Brown urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... investigations depending on clinical ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Increased Urinary ... Non-increased urine ... volume (<2mL/min), Rule ... Extrinsic to Urinary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... test (with 24-h urine ... aldosterone) or IV saline ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal causes ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... • Excessive urine ... large leakage of urine ... , cauda equina syndrome ... Obstruction #Urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... renal disease #Clinical ... #Nephro #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
Rodents are the primary ... • Shed in the urine ... Cardiopulmonary Syndrome ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Conditions: urinary ... Purple (Purple Urine ... #Altered #Urine