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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
• Spinal cord infarct ... • HIV related ... cord • Guillain-Barre ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Examine for signs ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
is also a late sign ... If abnormal, this ... When the diagnosis ... This reflex is not ... #PhysicalExam #
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... depressed deep tendon reflexes ... and sensitive tests ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Normal: Air ... auditory artery infarct ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... Labyrinthitis ○ Epstein-Barr
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Symptoms and signs ... spasticity • Lower ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... reflexes: Areflexia
Hoover's Sign for Functional Lower Extremity Paralysis

Used to distinguish organic from functional leg hemiparesis.

Ask the patient
Functional Lower ... weak leg at the hip ... In normal people ... hemiparesis #clinical #video ... #physicalexam #
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
the upper and lower ... purpura: strong sign ... testes -> pain, infarct ... retinopathy Lab Tests ... Cryoglobulins • HIV
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
seen in Reiter's syndrome ... #Pathology #Diagnosis ... #Clinical #Signs ... #PhysicalExam # ... Atlas #Beaus #Mees