13 results
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... flexion causes spinal ... an involuntary reflex ... Video by Dr. ... #PhysicalExam #
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Diagnosis: • ... • HIV related ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... • Symptoms and signs ... roots -> Cauda ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Weakness - Lower ... involvement Cauda ... #lesions #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
must be absent: lower ... gait, strength, reflexes ... Straight Leg Raise Test ... pathophysiology #differential ... #diagnosis #signs
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Examine for signs ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... depressed deep tendon reflexes ... and sensitive tests ... nerve roots and cauda ... Guillain #Barre #Syndrome
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Leg Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... deficiency etc) • Spinal ... #diagnosis #lower ... extremity #msk #physicalexam
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Spasticity - Reflexes ... bouts of HTN Diagnostic ... • Bilateral signs ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... management #neurology #differential