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neurology differential msk spinalcord cord extremity pathophysiology signs symptoms syndromes acute algorithm caudaequina causes comatose dermatomes disorders equina examination infant
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Differential Diagnosis ... infarct • HIV ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Mixed upper and lower ... bladder and rectal reflex ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... #Syndromes #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #signs
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain: • Fracture • Arthritis • Gout/pseudogout
Diagnosis Framework ... deficiency etc) • Spinal ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Weakness - Lower ... involvement Cauda ... multiradicular pain - Leg ... #differential #diagnosis
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica •
Findings Compression/injury ... must be absent: lower ... Negative Straight Leg ... Raise Test - ... #signs #symptoms
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Symptoms and signs ... roots -> Cauda ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... Awareness • Injury ... • Examine for signs ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Presentation: Injury ... flexors of the legs ... Spasticity - Reflexes ... • Bilateral signs ... negative, MOG-IgG test
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted. General observation Of the baby's
is also a late sign ... When the diagnosis ... in the arms and legs ... of the back and spine ... Newborn #Infant #PhysicalExam
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