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diagnosis symptoms signs management differential cardiology pharmacology endocrinology nephrology syndrome algorithm causes complications infectiousdiseases pulmonary msk ophthalmology treatment lifecycle cdc
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. Surrogate indicator of
Cardiac Output (CO ... (CVP) MAP = (CO ... Cardiac output (CO ... cardiacoutput #Co ... #SV #lvdv
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Anemia - Increased CO ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis SHOCK • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40 •
Distributive: • High CO ... Cardiogenic: • Low CO ... Obstructive: • Low CO ... Hypovolemic: • Low CO
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework MAP = CO x SVR Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume): • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Framework MAP = CO ... third-spacing • ↓ CO ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO ... PE, PAH • ↓ CO ... drugs/toxins • ↑ CO
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output 1) Calculate LVOT Area 2) Calculate LVOT VTI 3) Calculate Cardiac Output SV = (LVOT
) x (LVOT VTI) CO ... LVOT VTI) X HR CO ... Cardiac #Output #CO
Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action and Side Effects • Decr spinal cord activity -> Muscle relaxant
- Rare unless co-ingestion ... #Pharmacology #pathophysiology
Oxygen Delivery Equation DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)} DO2 =
Equation DO2 = CO ... delivery in mL/min CO ... Cardiac output (CO ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary Vasopressors Phenylephrine (alpha-1) • Increases BP, SVR • Risk of reflex bradycardia
Increases BP, SVR, CO ... Increases HR, SVR, CO ... contractility, CO ... • Increases CO
Pathophysiology of Hepatorenal Syndrome - Dilation of splanchnic arteries initially compensated by increased CO eventually decompensates
Pathophysiology ... compensated by increased CO
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Symptoms are non-specific: - Headache 90% - Nausea/vomiting 50% - Vertigo 50% - Altered
questions: - Co-ocupants ... - Alarm (for CO
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