20 results
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Bronchiectasis, Malignancy ... Strongy) • Malignancy ... regurgitation, Tricuspid endocarditis ... AVM, Thoracic aortic ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Surgery - Malignancy ... TTP, APLS • Malignancy ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hypercoagulability: - Malignancy ... coagulation and other causes
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Non-Infectious (NTBE): • Malignancy ... CA • Involves aortic ... Failure • Dyspnea Vascular ... Septic Emboli Cause ... block, annular or aortic
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... maintained fever CAUSES ... • Neuroleptic malignant ... antipsychotics) • Malignant ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... Malignant or accelerated ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... Causes: • Vascular ... Coarctation of aorta
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Non-Infectious (NTBE): • Malignancy ... Ovarian CA, involves aortic ... Cholesterol emboli syndrome ... insult due to vascular ... Treat underlying cause
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Non-inflammatory causes ... Lyme disease • Malignant ... ’s hereditary optic ... MRI lesions and clinical
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
high index of clinical ... Autoimmune (SLE/APLS), Malignancy ... Hypercoagulable states • Clinical ... in up to 30% of cases ... dysfunction common, Aortic
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
• CVA/TIA • Malignancy ... Concussion Other Causes ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... ophthalmology #causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... narrowing and vascular ... Spots Stage 4: Malignant ... • Ischemia of optic ... Leakage of optic